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هل نُنقذ الشركة أم نُنقذ القطاع
باب نات نشر في باب نات يوم 11 - 01 - 2026


بقلم: حاتم بولبيار
حكالي نهار المرحوم سي المختار العتيري حكاية، وبقيت ساكنة في الذاكرة، لكن رجعت اليوم بقوّة.
وسي المختار، لمن لا يعرفه، لم يكن شخصًا عاديًا: من أوائل المهندسين التونسيين، متخرّج من Polytechnique بباريس سنة 1949، ساهم في بناء قطاع الأشغال العمومية، أشرف على مشاريع كبرى من بينها مطار تونس قرطاج، وكان من مؤسسي المدرسة الوطنية للمهندسين بتونس. لذلك لُقّب ب «أبي المهندسين التونسيين»، إلى أن وافته المنية في 20 أفريل 2007.
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الحكاية
في أحد الأيام، عندما كان مستشارًا لرئيس الجمهورية آنذاك، تعطّلت أشغال جامع العابدين بقرطاج. غضب الرئيس وسأل بنبرة حادّة:
«شكون المسؤول على التأخير هذا؟»
ردّ سي المختار دون تردّد، وبكل هدوء:
«أنتم، سيادة الرئيس.»
قال لي بعدها: «الرئيس سكت، وكان وجهه متجهّم.»
وهنا تنتهي الحكاية.
لكن الحقيقة، أن الحكاية ما تنتهيش هنا.
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لماذا رجعت الحكاية اليوم؟
رجعتلي وأنا أتابع ما قيل عن الخطوط التونسية، بعد تسلّم رئيس الجمهورية التقرير السنوي العام ل محكمة المحاسبات، وما ورد فيه من أن عددًا كبيرًا من المؤسسات العمومية تكبّد خسائر كبيرة، من بينها الخطوط التونسية بأكثر من 316 مليون دينار.
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ملاحظة منهجية أساسية
عندما نتحدّث عن أرقام مالية، وخاصة تلك المستخرجة من القوائم المالية، لا يمكن ذكر رقم دون سنة مرجعية.
316 مليون دينار... متى؟
الرقم دون سنة يفقد دلالته ويمكن أن يُستعمل خارج سياقه.
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سنة 2020: الصدمة العالمية
إذا كان الرقم يعود إلى سنة 2020، فإن القراءة تختلف جذريًا.
سنة 2020 كانت سنة انهيار عالمي لقطاع الطيران:
إغلاق الحدود، توقّف السفر، انهيار الطلب، مقابل تكاليف ثابتة مرتفعة.
في تلك السنة:
* خسرت مجموعة Air France–KLM أكثر من 7.1 مليارات يورو.
* تكبّدت الخطوط الملكية المغربية خسائر في حدود 320 مليون يورو.
بالمقارنة، فإن خسارة الخطوط التونسية في حدود 316 مليون دينار، إن كانت لسنة 2020، تبدو أقلّ نسبيًا.
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لكن... هذا لا يعني أن الأمور كانت بخير
الخطوط التونسية تعاني منذ سنوات من اختلالات هيكلية:
كتلة أجور مرتفعة، ضعف الرسملة، ثِقل التسيير العمومي، وهشاشة الحوكمة.
وفي قطاع مثل الطيران، حيث التكاليف ثابتة والدورات الاقتصادية قاسية، تتحوّل أي أزمة خارجية بسرعة إلى كارثة داخلية.
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قراءة في المسار التاريخي
عند العودة إلى نتائج الشركة خلال العشرين سنة الأخيرة، يظهر بوضوح أثر الأزمات:
الأزمة المالية العالمية 2009، أحداث 2011، انهيار السياحة بعد 2015، ثم جاءت جائحة كوفيد-19 لتكشف كل نقاط الضعف دفعة واحدة.
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مسؤولية الحاضر
النزاهة تفرض الاعتراف بأن الصعوبات سابقة لسنة 2021.
لكن في المقابل، لا يمكن إنكار أن الأزمة تعمّقت بعد ذلك.
منذ 2021، شهدنا:
تعيينات مؤقتة، إدارات قصيرة العمر، فصلًا بين المناصب، وإقالات متتالية.
تعمّدت عدم ذكر الأسماء، لأن المشكلة ليست في الأشخاص، بل في غياب الاستقرار والرؤية.
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هل الإصلاح ممكن؟
بكل صراحة:
الخطوط التونسية في حالة موت سريري منذ الجائحة.
الأرقام واضحة:
* أموال ذاتية سلبية بحوالي 1.75 مليار دينار سنة 2022.
* مديونية مرتفعة في حدود 3.66 مليارات دينار.
* تركيز خطير في الديون قصيرة الأجل.
* استمرار النشاط بفضل تأجيل الديون لا غير.
بالتبسيط: ما خسرته الشركة يفوق بكثير ما تملكه.
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الرسملة: حلّ أم وهم؟
رسملة في حدود 1.7 مليار دينار قد تُخرج الشركة نظريًا من الإفلاس، لكنها لا تضمن البقاء.
شركة قادرة على العيش تحتاج إلى ما بين 2.5 و3 مليارات دينار،
لكن من دون إصلاح جذري في كتلة الأجور، الإنتاجية، والحوكمة، ستُهدر هذه الأموال كما هُدرت سابقاتها.
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السؤال الحقيقي
لم يعد السؤال: هل يمكن تحسين الخطوط التونسية؟
بل أصبح: هل نُنقذ الشركة أم نُنقذ القطاع؟
إمّا أن تقرّر الدولة بوضوح ضخّ الأموال في إطار رؤية اقتصادية واضحة،
وإمّا أن تتحمّل مسؤولية القرار الآخر: حلّ الشركة، والاكتفاء بدور الدولة التنظيمي، وفتح السماء للمنافسة، بما قد يمنح السياحة التونسية نفسًا جديدًا.
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العودة إلى حكاية سي المختار
عندما نسأل اليوم: شكون المسؤول على عدم اتخاذ القرار؟
الجواب يبقى نفسه:
صاحب القرار.
تابعونا على ڤوڤل للأخبار

انقر هنا لقراءة الخبر من مصدره.