Un vaste chantier attend le ministre du Transport Hichem Ben Ahmed. En effet, le transport public souffre de nombreux dysfonctionnements et défaillances dont les répercussions pèsent lourdement sur la qualité des prestations et des services à l'origine du calvaire des usagers des transports en commun. Le ministre, qui a lancé il y a plus d'un mois les assises régionales suivies du dialogue national sur le transport public dont les recommandations ont été examinées récemment par un Conseil ministériel restreint, a décidé de dépoussiérer et de relancer les projets en stand-by. De la compagnie Tunisair au transport maritime et portuaire en passant par le transport terrestre, le secteur devra faire l'objet d'une mise à niveau et d'une restructuration progressive concrétisées par l'adoption de mesures qui devront à moyen et à long terme redonner un nouveau souffle à ce secteur stratégique 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La Tunisie a été élue 60e membre du Forum international du transport. Que signifie pour vous cette élection ? Va-t-elle pousser notre pays à aligner son secteur du transport sur les standards internationaux ? Ouvrira-t-elle de nouvelles perspectives, notamment en matière de financement de projets ? La Tunisie vient d'être, en effet, élue 60e membre du Forum international des transports qui est une structure émanant de l'Ocde. Etre soixantième membre dans cette structure signifie que cette dernière regroupe un grand nombre de pays qui sont très avancés en matière de transport et notamment de mobilité. Car aujourd'hui, on ne parle plus uniquement de transport mais surtout de mobilité. Ce forum a permis de mettre en place une plateforme de discussion, de débat, d'échanges et même de coordination dans ce domaine et de développer des relations bilatérales. Idem pour notre visite en Allemagne où j'ai eu le plaisir de rencontrer et de discuter avec des ministres du Transport de différents pays qui nous ressemblent économiquement et socialement. Cela nous a permis d'échanger les expériences et de débattre sur des thématiques et des problématiques liées au transport. Il est vrai que certains n'avaient pas les mêmes soucis que les nôtres car ils sont passés à un stade supérieur en matière de mobilité et de transport. Mais cela est d'autant plus intéressant dans la mesure où cela nous a permis d'échanger sur les expériences respectives de chacun. Le récent forum auquel nous avons pris part nous a non seulement permis de rencontrer les chefs d'Etat mais également les grandes entreprises internationales dans le domaine des transports terrestre, aérien, maritime…Ce partenariat public/privé est très important. Je crois beaucoup à ce genre de structure qui permet l'échange d'expérience et d'expertise et qui peut être d'un grand apport pour notre pays dès lors qu'il nous permet de parler de la Tunisie aux grands bailleurs de fonds internationaux, de leur exposer nos projets et d'établir des relations bilatérales sur des dossiers en retard qui doivent avancer. C'est du be to be. Ce genre de communauté vous permet d'être parmi les plus grands et de discuter de thèmes sur lesquels nous pouvons travailler ensemble. Tout cela peut aider à développer le transport. Il ne faut pas oublier non plus que nous sommes, depuis trois mois, membre de l'Union internationale des transports publics. C'est une structure très importante au niveau international. Nous avons d'ailleurs un programme pour l'hiver prochain relatif à la formation, aux chauffeurs de bus, à l'utilisation des métros… 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Peut-on affirmer que vous avez alors du pain sur la planche? Par quels projets prioritaires allez-vous commencer? C'est un secteur qui est en réelle mutation. Moi je dirai une chose. Il y a un mois et demi s'est tenu le dialogue national sur le transport qui a été précédé d'un dialogue régional au niveau de toutes les régions qui a réuni tous les partenaires, que ce soit les usagers, les professionnels, les politiciens, la société civile. Tout le monde s'est réuni autour d'une table et a parlé de problèmes et de stratégie de transport. Tout a été préparé, bien organisé et rien ne s'est fait de manière aléatoire. Au cours de cette semaine du transport, nous avons présenté une stratégie du transport à l'horizon 2040. C'est une étude qui a été préparée par un bureau d'études international qui travaille là dessus depuis deux ans. Nous avons présenté les résultats de cette étude qui s'articule autour de la conception de la mobilité à l'horizon 2040 en Tunisie, les grands axes. Le dialogue national a permis de faire ressortir des recommandations qui ont été présentées au cours du dernier dialogue présidé par le chef du gouvernement et examinées au sein d'un Conseil ministériel qui s'est penché sur ces différents points. La stratégie, réellement c'est quoi ? Si on parle de transport terrestre, les vraies priorités aujourd'hui, c'est des priorités de déplacement dans certaines zones qui sont très mal desservies ou dans des endroits où le transport est inexistant. Il y a une stratégie pour toute la Tunisie. Nous prévoyons dans ce cadre l'achat de 1.115 bus. C'est un projet qui a démarré il y a deux ans et qui a pris du retard dans son exécution à l'instar d'autres projets. Il s'agit soit de retards d'exécution, soit de retards administratifs… On laisse souvent traîner lorsqu'il y a des soucis ou des blocages. Ce qui est important aujourd'hui, c'est qu'on a pris les choses en main. Nous ferons en sorte que ces projets s'achèvent dans les délais et qu'ils aillent dans le bon sens. 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Quels sont les projets que vous avez ressortis des tiroirs? A titre d'exemple, les nouveaux bus qui ont été fabriqués et montés en Tunisie. C'est une très bonne chose mais il y avait un souci, à savoir que le projet risquait de ne pas être achevé en 2019. Nous avons résolu et levé les blocages de divers ordres, administratif… qui ont ralenti ce projet et la bonne nouvelle c'est que ces bus sont là aujourd'hui et qu'ils vont permettre, pour le Grand Tunis, d'augmenter la capacité à 180.000 usagers supplémentaires. On se penche trop sur ces histoires d'appels d'offres, de contrats… et on oublie qu'il y a des citoyens qui vivent le calvaire car ils n'arrivent pas à trouver de moyens de transport pour aller travailler, faire leurs courses… ou se rendre à l'école. Là je pense que nous avons réussi à prendre notre courage à deux mains. Nous sommes actuellement en train de préparer une stratégie pour les trois années que nous prévoyons de présenter dans les prochains jours. 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Le transport ferroviaire souffre de nombreux problèmes. Les accidents de train, le mauvais état de l'infrastructure ferroviaire, l'insécurité à bord des wagons, les retards et les grèves répétées et souvent sans préavis des cheminots et qui incommodent les usagers sont la partie apparente de l'iceberg. Ce secteur va-t-il faire l'objet d'un programme de mise à niveau? Effectivement. Pour moi le ferroviaire est une priorité car c'est le transport le plus sûr et c'est le transport qui est capable de rapprocher les régions… C'est très important. Le grand souci du ferroviaire en Tunisie, c'est que nous avons environ 2.160 km de rails dont 1.860 sont utilisés. Pendant des années, il y a eu des entretiens sans qu'il y ait une réelle réhabilitation. Certes, il y a une volonté de réhabiliter mais il y a des insuffisances. C'est ce qui explique le fait que des trains mettent sept à huit heures en moyenne pour effectuer un trajet qui peut être parcouru en trois heures. Je vais vous expliquer pourquoi. Citons à titre d'exemple le trajet Tunis-Gabès. Il y a environ sur les rails de ce parcours 56 points de problèmes techniques, le conducteur se trouve alors obligé de ralentir à chaque fois. C'est un véritable souci. La semaine prochaine, nous allons présenter notre stratégie de réhabilitation des rails, des lignes ferroviaires… 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Quels sont les principaux axes de cette stratégie? Déjà avant de parler d'axes, il y a un diagnostic à faire et nous l'avons fait. Il y a beaucoup d'endroits qui nécessitent une réhabilitation physique. Il faut changer les planches, les rails… D'ici la semaine prochaine, nous prévoyons de mettre en place un budget pour financer ce plan de réhabilitation. Il faut savoir aussi que les trains ont une moyenne d'âge de 35 ans. Nous avons lancé un appel d'offres pour l'acquisition de 110 nouveaux trains qui vont métamorphoser le paysage ferroviaire. Aujourd'hui, l'appel d'offres a été lancé. J'espère qu'il n'y aura pas de retard dans l'exécution de ce projet… Il faut compter dix-huit mois après la commande pour qu'ils soient mis en circulation et opérationnels. S'agissant du transport de marchandises, nous avons fait l'acquisition de 20 locomotives de phosphate. Dix sont là. Les autres seront mises en circulation dans une semaine. Nous sommes dans les dernières procédures administratives pour l'achat de 600 trains de phosphate. Nous avons également acheté un grand nombre pour le transport de céréales. Nous avons eu une réunion la semaine dernière avec le ministre de l'Agriculture. Une grande partie des céréales va être transportée par train. La ligne 13 pour le transport du phosphate a repris depuis un mois et elle fonctionne. Un appel d'offres va être lancé pour la réhabilitation de la ligne 15 qui n'est plus fonctionnelle à cause des dommages causés par les dernières intempéries. 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L'acquisition de bus usagés a été entachée par des rumeurs de corruption. Qu'en est-il exactement? Il y a eu deux marchés d'acquisition de bus usagés. Des bus de la Ratp française ont été achetés à un prix dérisoire entre six et neuf mille euros. L'idée était d'aller dans la fabrication de nouveaux bus et d'utiliser ces bus usagés, le temps que ceux qui sont fabriqués soient achevés et mis en circulation. Il y a eu des blocages au niveau du projet de fabrication que nous avons résolu, mais il n'y a pas eu de problème de corruption au niveau de ce marché. Il y a eu un problème au niveau de la Sntri relatif à certains bus qui ont été achetés sur les grandes lignes. Il y a un soupçon de corruption autour de cette affaire qui est au niveau de la justice depuis près d'une année. Je ne peux vous dire ce qui est vrai et ce qui est faux car je n'étais pas là au moment des faits. Un des grands projets du ministère du Transport concerne le déploiement futur de l'interconnexion par l'établissement de correspondances entre les divers moyens de transport (bus, métro…). Le projet de la station de Barcelone est l'un des jalons de ce projet. Il semble toutefois qu'il y ait des entraves à l'avancement de ce dernier Le point de départ des stations multimodales et l'un des projets les plus importants est évidemment celui de la boucle centrale de la station de Barcelone. L'idée est de s'inscrire dans une logique de déploiement du transport multimodal à travers le territoire. C'est-à-dire que quand vous arrivez en train ou en métro, vous pouvez repartir en bus et vice-versa. C'est un des dossiers que nous avons réactivé au niveau du ministère et nous avons bien avancé dans ce sens, notamment en ce qui concerne la station de Barcelone. Un projet qui est également en cours d'étude à Monastir. Il s'agit d'un projet de station multimodale inauguré il y a deux ans par le président de la République. Il est actuellement au stade d'études. Sur certaines régions, il y a des stations multimodales anciennes que nous prévoyons de réaménager de la meilleure manière pour qu'elles soient performantes. Notre objectif est qu'à l'échelle du territoire, il y ait une station multimodale dans chaque gouvernorat. Nous avons une stratégie dans ce sens. Cela ne va pas se faire en deux ou trois mois. 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67 milliards de dinars pour le plan directeur national des transports à l'horizon 2040. Pouvez-vous nous en parler? Aujourd'hui, le grand souci, c'est le transport urbain et interurbain. Pour nous, la grande priorité est d'assurer à chaque Tunisien un moyen de transport dans toutes les régions, qu'il soit public ou privé. Nous sommes dans une logique de partenariat entre les deux secteurs. Donc dans ce sens, notre stratégie porte sur les moyens d'assurer un transport sécurisé et performant pour chaque Tunisien. Je cite en particulier le projet RFR qui dessert des régions à forte concentration populaire avoisinant les 750 mille habitants. C'est un projet qui va changer la physionomie du transport dans le Grand Tunis. D'ailleurs, la première partie de ce projet sera opérationnelle dès la fin de cet été. Il y a aussi le métro de Sfax qui est, également, un projet très important. 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Justement les Sfaxiens attendent toujours leur métro. Ce projet est dans quelle phase ? Nous sommes dans la phase de l'appel d'offres final. Nous avons déjà bouclé l'avant-projet sommaire, les réunions avec la société civile et avec tous les intervenants. Vers la fin de 2021 – début 2022, on pourra prendre le métro à Sfax. 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Ce n'est pas un secret. Pour les Tunisiens se déplacer dans le Grand Tunis ou à travers les gouvernorats est un véritable calvaire. Retards, annulations de voyages, vols, insécurité, grèves sans préavis, absence de confort… Quelles solutions envisagez-vous, notamment en ce qui concerne l'insécurité dans les moyens de transport ? Pour ce qui est du problème de l'insécurité dans les moyens de transport, je voudrais rappeler qu'on a déjà mis en place un projet pilote au niveau des trains et des métros qui commence à porter ses fruits. Il s'agit des officiers des sociétés de transport, c'est des vigiles en uniforme bleu qui ont été formés par les ministère de l'Intérieur et qui sont présents pour dissuader tout genre de dépassements. Par rapport aux 100 bus de la Transtu, nouvellement acquis, ils sont tous équipés de caméras à l'intérieur, ce qui permet d'enregistrer tout au long des voyages tout ce qui passe dans le bus, une manière de dissuader les malintentionnés. Cela va constituer une solution pour faire face également au phénomène de la resquille et diminuer les risques de tension entre les contrevenants et les contrôleurs. 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Verrons-nous un jour une ligne TGV en Tunisie ? Oui j'y crois. Il faut rappeler que récemment une étude a été présentée sur le TGV maghrébin reliant Tunis, Alger et Rabat. L'étude a été finalisée, et maintenant on va passer la vitesse supérieure pour mettre concrètement sur le terrain toutes les possibilités pour aller de l'avant pour ce TGV. Personnellement, j'y crois beaucoup. Et à l'échelle nationale, nous sommes en train de préparer un cahier des charges pour l'étude d'un TGV nord-sud, mais c'est vraiment encore au niveau des études. 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Tout le monde sait que les entreprises publiques de transport connaissent en majorité un important déficit financier, nous évoquons notamment le cas de la Transtu. Avez-vous un plan pour redresser ces entreprises, comme pour le cas de Tunisair ? Nous avons déjà prévu des plans de restructuration pour plusieurs entreprises publiques. Je ne vais pas dire que nous avons un plan pour toutes les entreprises. Dans les prochains mois nous allons les présenter au conseil des ministres comme cela a été le cas pour Tunisair. Nous allons commencer par quatre ou cinq entreprises dont les dossiers sont déjà fin prêts. Indépendamment du secteur du transport, il faut dire que pratiquement toutes les entreprises publiques souffrent de problèmes structurels et financiers. Il y a toute une politique au niveau de la présidence du gouvernement pour traiter ce sujet. Nous avons déjà ciblé, avec nos partenaires sociaux, l'Ugtt en l'occurrence, un certain nombre d'entreprises publiques pour entamer ces restructurations. 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Allez-vous procéder à des licenciements au sein des entreprises concernées par cette restructuration ? Le problème n'est pas la surcharge du personnel. C'est un problème d'organisation au niveau de l'entreprise. Vous pouvez avoir dans un département 500 personnes en plus, et dans un autre 200 personnes en moins. Mais parfois on se trouve dans une situation où on ne peut redispatcher le personnel en raison de problèmes liés à l'absence de qualifications. Nous ne voulons pas des départs dans une logique de diminution du nombre. Nous voulons des départs étudiés en fonction des exigences des départements des entreprises concernées. 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La reconversion professionnelle n'est-elle pas une solution dans ce cas? Avec les expériences que nous avons eues, nous nous sommes aperçus que cela n'a pas fonctionné pas comme nous le souhaitions. Il faut revoir les choses au niveau de la reconversion professionnelle. 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Le licenciement de 1.200 agents de Tunisair va coûter à la compagnie 170 millions de dinars. Pourquoi ce grand montant ? Je ne dirais pas licenciement. Il s'agit plutôt de départs qui vont se faire sur trois années. Ce n'est pas un montant à verser immédiatement. De plus, c'est une mesure liée à un contrat-programme, c'est-à-dire que Tunisair va gagner autre part. Il s'agit d'une mesure très bien étudiée et qui sera bénéfique, sans aucun doute, pour la compagnie, car nous savons où il y a un sur effectif et où il y a un manque de personnel. Nous allons dépenser pour gagner plus après, c'est le prix à payer. 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Les filiales de Tunisair étaient intégrées dans l'entreprise mère. Cela limiterait-il l'hémorragie financière? Vous avez certainement une idée puisque vous étiez directeur général de Tunisair Handling. Ces filiales ont été créées pour faciliter le travail de l'entreprise mère, elles ont été créées pour être dans une logique concurrentielle. Malheureusement en 2011, on a mis tout le monde sur un pied d'égalité que la société mère. Nous nous sommes retrouvés avec des filiales complètement métamorphosées : leur personnel bénéficie des mêmes salaires et des mêmes avantages que ceux de la société mère. Elles sont, ainsi, d'une certaine manière intégrées. Nous voulons plutôt adopter une nouvelle vision pour ces filiales pour pouvoir sauver tout le groupe. 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Extension ou transfert de l'aéroport Tunis-Carthage ? Quand cette question sera-t-elle tranchée ? Y a-t-il une solution pour le problème du transport terrestre et de connectivité au niveau de cet aéroport qui semble être isolé ? Il y a une étude qui est en cours d'élaboration depuis une année sur la création éventuelle d'un nouvel aéroport. Mais aujourd'hui la priorité est pour Tunis-Carthage, dans la mesure où cet aéroport touche à ses limites en matière de capacité d'accueil qui est estimée à 5 millions de voyageurs annuellement. Les travaux d'extension de cet aéroport commenceront d'ici la fin de l'année en cours pour assurer une capacité de deux millions de voyageurs supplémentaires, en attendant l'aboutissement de l'étude en cours sur la construction du nouvel aéroport. Les travaux d'extension se poursuivront durant deux années. 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Et au niveau de la connectivité de cet aéroport qui semble être isolé à l'exception du transport assuré par les taxis individuels ? Nous sommes en train de travailler sur une solution concernant l'amélioration de la connectivité. Surtout en ce qui concerne la gestion des taxis. Nous sommes en train de discuter avec ces derniers pour trouver des solutions et résoudre beaucoup de problèmes. 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S'agissant de la flotte de Tunisair qui souffre d'usure, répond-elle actuellement aux standards internationaux ? On ne joue pas avec la sécurité des passagers et les normes et standards internationaux. Aujourd'hui, il n'y a pas de problèmes de sécurité à bord des avions de Tunisair. Nous sommes en train de certifier d'autres normes en ce qui concerne notre compagnie nationale. Aucun avion de Tunisair ne décollera s'il a un problème technique. Nous disposons de toutes les certifications internationales pour pouvoir survoler tous les pays. Mais, en revanche, nous essayons de redorer notre image en ce qui concerne le problème des retards, et nous commençons à avoir de bons résultats. 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A quoi sont dus ces retards ? Avant nous élaborions des programmes sans nous assurer des moyens effectifs de Tunisair. Aujourd'hui nous avons seulement 19 avions opérationnels. Notre stratégie est de limiter les programmes aux moyens dont nous disposons pour faire baisser le taux des retards accusés sur nos vols. Nous avons enregistré une nette améliorations depuis trois semaines parce que nous avons commencé à travailler en fonction de nos moyens. En ce sens que nous ne programmons plus 26 avions alors qu'on dispose seulement d'une vingtaine d'avions opérationnels. De plus, nous sommes en train de finaliser la location de plusieurs avions pour pouvoir aussi faciliter le retour des Tunisiens à l'étranger et assurer une bonne saison touristique. 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Quelle est la situation de l'aéroport d'Enfidha ? Est-ce un projet voué à l'échec ? Pas du tout, il s'agit d'un contrat de gestion public-privé. La bonne nouvelle c'est que cette année cet aéroport va enregistrer un record en matière de passagers estimé à deux millions, contre seulement 900 mille l'année dernière. L'Etat a assuré tous les moyens au gestionnaire de l'aéroport pour qu'il réussisse dans sa fonction. Enfidha doit se développer pour devenir un hub. 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L'accord du ciel ouvert (Open Sky) est-il toujours entre les mains de la partie européenne ? Oui, le dossier a été paraphé, nous sommes d'accord sur tous les articles et nous attendons toujours la réponse positive de la partie européenne. 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Qu'en est-il du projet du port en eaux profondes d'Enfidha ? Pour ce qui est du port d'Enfidha, la société Enfidha a été officiellement créée, et la grande nouvelle c'est qu'on a retenu six entreprises qui vont préparer d'ici quatre mois leurs dossiers techniques et financiers et si tout se passe bien, on saura à la fin de cette date qui construira ce port. On prévoit le début des travaux à partir du premier mois de 2020. On misera également sur la connectivité ferroviaire au niveau de ce port. Je voudrais saisir l'occasion pour évoquer également le cas du port de Radès. Vous savez que plus de 60% des échanges commerciaux se font dans ce port. On a lancé un appel d'offres pour créer des quais 8 et 9 avec un changement du système de gestion, un système électronique qui devra être mis en place prochainement. Entretien conduit par Imen Haouari et Khalil Jelassi
